Double Effect - 1138 Words

The objective of this paper is to prove that the Doctrine of Double Effect (DDE), proposed by Saint Thomas Aquinas, is a valid moral principle. It has been concluded that the DDE is a valid moral principle as it allows one to justify whether an action will cause two diverse effects and whether the effects are permissible. It is crucial to establish the validity of the DDE because it has been applied to defend a significant number of contemporary controversial issues (McIntyre). In order to determine whether the DDE is a valid moral principle, the definition of the doctrine itself as well as conditions involved will be demonstrated. In addition, each condition will be applied to differentiate two examples that result in the same outcomes.†¦show more content†¦The doctor was aware that his choice would result in the death of one patient. However, the death of one patient compared to five was able to justify that action. Therefore, the doctors choice of dividing medication into four equal proportions to save the lives of four out of five patients is able to satisfy all the conditions of DDE and therefore it is permissible for the doctor to make such a decision. The doctor’s choice in the Organ Shortage scenario is impermissible. From a quantitative point of view, it may seem the doctor’s choice is permissible as it resulted in the death of one patient as opposed to four. However, the death of the patient is not a side-effect of curing the four other patients. Moreover, the death of the fifth patient has been used as a means to achieve the good end. The doctor’s choice fails to meet the conditions of DDE as the doctor withheld medication from a patient whose life depended on the medication. Therefore, it has been concluded that the doctor’s choice is impermissible. The above scenarios may seem identical as the doctor made the decision that was able to save the greatest number of people. However, it has been identified that the circumstances were different and As the two similar actions are distinguished, the creditability of the DDE in relation to justifying controversial issues has been proved. Since the DDE has established a moralShow MoreRelatedThe Doctrine of Double Effect2090 Words   |  8 Pagesmoral dilemma of having to kill someone. This is where the Doctrine of Double Effect comes into play. The Doctrine of Double Effect (DDE) is a principal which aims to provide specific guidelines for determining when it is morally permissible to perform an action in the pursuit of a positive outcome with the full knowledge that the action will also bring about an evil consequence. (Solomon, 2014). Although the Doctrine of Double Effect is viewed as a positive theory by man, it is unjust in that it givesRead MoreProblems With The Doctrine Of Double Effect1904 Words   |  8 PagesJessie Buckler Term Paper Philosophy 3300 April 25, 2016 PROBLEMS WITH THE DOCTRINE OF DOUBLE EFFECT Defenders of the Doctrine of Double Effect argue that there is a morally significant distinction, which bears on the rightness of actions, between those consequences of our actions that are intended and those that are foreseen. Utilitarians often use this doctrine to describe their stance on the topic of harming others. This paper will look at three situations that are commonly used to defendRead MoreThe Doctrine Of Double Effect1163 Words   |  5 PagesDoctrine of Double Effect The Doctrine of Double Effect (DDE) is utilized in the explanation of the permissibility of dealings and actions that result in impairment for example, death of a person, as a result of achieving some good at the end. This explains that it is sometimes acceptable to harm someone if the action will evoke some good at the end (Mclntyre 42). This reasoning was introduced by Thomas Aquinas but has developed and many versions of the same have erupted. Scanlon’s view of Double EffectRead MoreThe Doctrine Of Double Effect877 Words   |  4 Pagesrespirations. However, the Doctrine of Double Effect helps to determine if the act is permissible. With this particular case, Nicolas is faced with the situation of either facing unbearable pain or taking morphine to ease the pain in his last months of life. Before this case can be analyzed according to the Doctrine of Double Effect, one must first consider the act, good effect, and bad effect. In this case, the act is the use of morphine. The good effect that comes from the act is the relief ofRead MoreThe Doctrine Of Double Effect2007 Words   |  9 PagesThe doctrine (or principle) of double effect is often invoked to explain the permissibility of an action that causes a serious harm, such as the death of a human being, as a side effect of promoting some good end (McIntyre, 2004) . According to the principle of double effect (DDE), there are times where it is permissible to cause harm – as a side effect of bringing about a good result, even though it would not be acceptable to cause such harm as a means to providing the same good end. I will nowRead MoreNatural Law A nd The Preservation Of Human Life1301 Words   |  6 Pagesalready been instilled with Natural Law. A young woman who is four months pregnant has recently discovered that she has tuberculosis. The doctor informs her that she must take a drug that will cure her disease, but that the drug will also have the effect of aborting the fetus. There is no other available drug that will cure her disease, and if she does not take the drug immediately she will die. According to natural law, may the young woman take the drug? Both the mother and the fetus are innocentRead MoreTaking a Look at Euthanasia537 Words   |  2 Pageslife’s natural purposes, including euthanasia, are erroneous on moral grounds. In addition, the doctrine of double effect clarifies that any positive effects of euthanasia does not outweigh the forbiddances of the action. Essentially, Natural Law protests euthanasia as it interferes with life’s natural purposes and does not meet the criteria for acceptance under the doctrine of double effect. As a moral theory, Natural Law theory holds that what is moral is consistent with the natural purposes ofRead MoreEssay about Active Euthanasia is Murder2447 Words   |  10 Pagesformat)Unexpected events during the death can be traumatic...One in eight patients had       what the researchers termed problems with completion,    such as an undesirably long time to reach death, and one    in ten suffered side effects such as fits and vomiting. As a    result, a fifth of doctors intending just to assist at a suicide    ended up having to take over.    In other cases, family members were warned that they may wish to leave the room when the patientRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide Should Be Considered More Than Others2390 Words   |  10 Pagestherefore, Physician-Assisted Suicide should be legally obtained in every state. A few terms and principles that need to be introduced before making an argument to support them are Physician-Assisted Suicide, The slippery slope argument, autonomy, double effect, and beneficence. The currently accepted definition of Physician-Assisted Suicide is when â€Å"a physician intentionally helping a person to terminate his or her life by providing drugs for self-administration, at the person’s voluntary and competentRead MoreEssay on The Doctrine of Double Effect1307 Words   |  6 PagesCase Assignment: The doctrine of double effect says that the pursuit of good is not as acceptable if the harm that results is intended rather than merely foreseen (Lippert-Rasmussen, 2010). To some it is a nonabsolutist moral principle in which as long as significant good resulted from the action, it is allowable (Lippert-Ramussen, 2010). Scanlon believed that an act that leads to the death of an innocent person can never be justified by the good that results (Lippert-Ramussen, 2010). Scanlons

The Use Of Scientific Testing On Animals - 1503 Words

Since Ancient Greece, humans have used animals as means of learning more about the world. The first known vivisection was done by a Greek philosopher, Alcmaeon, in 450 B. C. E (â€Å"Animal Testing† NP). Since then, animals have had invasives tests performed on them, been killed, and been experimented on in the name of science or for profit. Some experiments are in order to demonstrate already known facts to students, others are to further medical knowledge, and some are to test drugs and cosmetics (â€Å"Animal Testing† NP). Scientific testing on animals has led to many medical discoveries. Animals are used, and have been used for millennia, in order to make products, procedures, and life in general safer for humans - stemming from the belief that human lives are more important than animals’. In order to moralize animal experimentation, people tend to draw attention to the benefits of animal experimentation and draw attention away from the cruelties and injusti ce committed towards animals. To lessen the suffering and lack of fairness of animals, people should find and use alternatives to animal experimentation. Background Information on Animal Experimentation There are many different ways in which animals are experimented on: vivisection, â€Å"the cutting of or operation on a living animal for scientific investigation,† dissection (examining an animal by cutting into it), exposure to chemicals, testing new surgical procedures, and various other experiments (â€Å"Animal Testing† NP). WhenShow MoreRelatedAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned1278 Words   |  6 PagesAnimal testing or animal experimentation is the use of non-human species such as animals, in experiments to test the affect of controlled variables on the subjects behaviour or physical appearance. The use of animal testing in science is a controversial issue that has divided the public for many centuries; between immense passion and emotion from those opposing the practice, and those that preach its integral part in the advancement of science. The divide in the topic is between the scientific communityRead MoreImportance Of Animal Testing1726 Words   |  7 Pa gesAnimal testing: Is it necessary? People take medicine, and they wear makeup. Most people own one or two or maybe more pets. Some people love their pets as if they were their own children. Pets are loved and taken care of. They are rescued and adopted. But do people know that they are treated the opposite in a laboratory? It is estimated that every year, 26 million animals are used for scientific and commercial testing in the United States. There are many reasons animals are used for testing. SomeRead MoreImportance of Animal Testing804 Words   |  4 PagesThe use of animals in scientific research has made dramatic improvements in our understanding of the human race. Despite the controversies that surround this issue, without this process of testing it is certain that much of what is known today towards the quality and quantity of life would remain closed off to us. Over the years, scientists have gained the ability to solve medical problems, cure diseases, and develop vaccines all with the use of animals during scientific research. To believe thatRead MoreSave Animals. Say No to Animal Testing!1390 Words   |  6 PagesArgumentative essay: Save animals. Say no to animal testing! Nowadays, it is a well-known fact that many companies test their products like cosmetics and medicines with animals before production to check their products ’safety and quality. A huge amount of animals are used in research purpose every year. Is it right for human beings to sacrifice millions of animals for testing purpose? Should animal testing be banned? Animal testing is a controversial issue and there is a heated debated about prosRead MoreEssay on Animal Testing in the Research Field1416 Words   |  6 PagesAnimal research, or animal testing, is the use of animals in scientific researches to study and develop drugs for the life-taking diseases that human beings contract. It has been practiced for hundreds of years. Animal testing helps produced many vaccines and other drugs, like penicillin, and thus, save many human lives. On the other hand, animal testing also causes pain and kills a lot of animals used during the researches that many people oppose this practice. S upporters show their support, whileRead MoreAnimal Testing: A True Ethical Dilemma Essay1622 Words   |  7 Pagesis the life of a laboratory animal. Animal testing is the use of animals for scientific research purposes and experiments. It can be used for the findings of cures and medicines to testing new drugs, to understanding the behavioral psychology of the animals themselves. â€Å"Around fifty to one hundred million vertebrate animals, ranging from fish to primates, are used in experiments each year† (Lloyd). There are many different terms used to describe the research on animals but two main ideas. In vivoRead MoreEssay about Animal Rights1553 Words   |  7 Pagesissue of animal experimentation is a widely debated topic in the United States. A fundamental question of this debate is whether the functions of animal testing and research are morally and ethically justified. In the viewpoint of the pro-research community, animal testing is a necessary practice. They sup port this position by stating that humans, instinctually, prioritize their own survival above other animals thus making any use of animals justifiable (Fox 5). The supporters of animal testing believeRead MoreAnimal Testing Is Not All Humane And Pain Free1130 Words   |  5 Pagesmillion animals are used every year in the united states for scientific and commercial testing† (ProCon.org). We are rapidly using up the earth’s supply of small animals. â€Å"A 2011 poll of nearly 1,000 biomedical scientists conducted by the science journal Nature found that more than 90% agreed that the use of animals in research is essential (ProCon.org). Right now, millions of mice, rats, rabbits, cats, dogs, and other animals are locked up in cages and are getting killed for scientific tests toRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned1509 Words   |  7 PagesAnimal testing is intended to express the use of animals in scientific research. Every year more than 115 million animals around the world have been used in laboratory experiments (Human Society International,2012). They include animals that are generally used in medical research such as cats, dogs, guinea pigs, mice, rats and monkeys. This experience has a major role in the progress of medicine. For example, it has been used in the development of drugs and surgical procedures and artificialRead MoreAnimal Models And Clinical Trials1158 Words   |  5 Pagesthat are successful in animal trials are not successful in clinical trials, most specifically, drugs used in cancer treatments. Animal models have been an important factor in the testing of a new drug before it is used in clinical trials, but many drugs that are approved in animal models are not successful in human models. It has been shown that 85% of early clinical trials for novel drugs are not successful and from the remaining 15%, only half are approved for human use. The reason there is a difference

Summary and Analysis of Rasha free essay sample

She knew that this was not an accidental arrest because the team knew about their status and Identifications. Rash stated, The man seemed to know everything about the family, including the fact that Rashers two youngest brothers, both minors, were U. S. Citizens, (Bayonet 21). Then the whole family was separated and they were taken In to different prisons. Rash, her sister, and mom had to be stripped search, wore converse shoes and beige jumpsuits, and they were taken In to prison cells. Rash thought that her family would get separated forever or get deported back to the Middle East.In the end, they were free to go and they were united with their whole family. Rash and her family did not realize how bad racism was until this accident. When she was In prison with her family, she experienced racial slurs by the guards. Rash found friends and lawyers to help her and her family get out of prison. We will write a custom essay sample on Summary and Analysis of Rasha or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Rash and her family were eventually cleared and were sent home. When she saw the American in the restaurant after her release, she went up to him and got mad at him for making her mother cry back In prison. Rash stated, dont recognize me?All the scenes when hed yelled at her, when hed made her cry, when hed made her mother cry, flashed in her mind. His expression didnt change. Remember? she said, her voice rising. MAD? You dont remember 44). It did not change anything, but it sure was satisfying. Rash story, in How Does It Feel to Be a Problem by Mousetrap Bayonet, shows the concept of living in the united States after September 1 lath in great depth. The numerous conflicts that the characters face with society demonstrate exactly what Bayonet is trying to show.Famously starts off the chapter going into Rash mind. She has Just spent three months In prison with her family, and that has made her see the world In a whole new perspective. Rash quotes Booker T. Washington, l will permit no man to narrow and degrade my soul by making me hate him (Bayonet 16). Her experience In prison lets her know that she cant let any human being make her feel beneath them. The author foreshadows the FBI raid when Rash gets up and sees lights shimmering in the mirror.While feeling the urge to give up, Burning points out, She tried to transform her anger into a life lesson, to believe that God was trying matter what happens, Rash turns to religion. Bayonet constantly uses words such as: caged specimens, beasts, subhuman species, and lab rats to explain how Rash let while in prison. Getting out of prison and reuniting with her family was bittersweet. No on knew how to balance gratitude with resentment, stated Bayonet (Bayonet 34). With the FBI cutting off their lives they had to sell their home, try and catch up with school, and get life back to normal. Rash learned not to take little things for granted. Her freedom was very important to her, even though the talk of 9/1 1 was still heavy. Bayonet points out that, She now had her own analysis about the way the country is run, and she had proof about the way people are treated, (Bayonet 36). Out of the whole incident she realized that people take being a citizen for granted. In May 2002 the U.S. Government was charged with violating rights. Bayonet made it a point to her that law enforcement treated them wrongly. While talking to Shall Mohammed, he states that, This is not law enforcement. Its random enforcement. Its capricious and copious, (Bayonet 41). He finally gets the point across on how much it has affected Rash in the end when she sees the correction officer. Speaking her mind made her feel that he was beneath her even though it would never change the conflicts she faces with society.

Should Harlequin re

Harlequin is a publishing industry that has been publishing books for a long time. The major types of books that are published by this industry are educational materials and romance novels. The industry was founded in the year 1949. In the 1970s, Harlequin was the world best and largest publisher of women’s series romance fiction books.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Should Harlequin re-enter the single-title business? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The books are of different types of romance, ranging from inspirational, traditional to sexy romance. The industry had created the worldwide library because of the growing single-title market. This was a good opportunity to the authors, who had their work published by Harlequin. This did not last for long since the worldwide library did not know exactly the books it was dealing with. Harlequin has reconsidered the thought of re-entering the business of single-title books. This will be a good decision for the Harlequin enterprises to make considering that; it is one of the largest and well-known publishers of romantic novels. The business of single-title books will raise the income of the industry. This is because, most of the best and well-known authors will always want to be associated with the best selling publishers, where they can have confidence that their work shall be well marketed. Thus, re-entering the single-title business will enable Harlequin to regain some of the most prominent authors that it may have lost after the collapse of the worldwide library. As long as Harlequin continues with the business of publishing the diverse series of romance books, there would be no harm of re-entering the single-title business. The company is a large publisher, and as we know, large businesses are well suited to undertake their operations on a broader basis. If the single-title business thrives, it will be to the benefit of the Harl equin enterprises as a whole. On the other hand, if the single-title business does not thrive, not much shall be lost since other romance series books shall continue to sell as it has been. This shows that, the whole business venture shall not collapse. In business, it is all about taking risks and hoping for the best outcome. If Harlequin has to re-enter the single-title business, it also has to consider the distributor and sales organ of the books. This is because, previously, the worldwide library did not recognize what the imprint was all about. The MIRA can be launched and be given the task of selling the single-title books.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Since a lesson has already been learnt from the collapse of the worldwide library, the MIRA can apply any tactic that was not used by the worldwide library. It can also avoid the methods that were used by the wor ldwide library. Since single-title women’s fiction novels required more mainstream distribution, which was not achieved during the era of the worldwide imprint, the MIRA can focus a lot on distributing the books once launched. This can best be done through introducing, MIRA outlets in different countries for the easy access of the single-title books by customers of different countries. For a new start, Harlequin can first start by offering greater discounts to all potential authors to encourage them to collaborate with them. This will attract more authors and the business will have greater chances of thriving. Thus, it would be a wise decision to make in re-entering the single-title business. This case study on Should Harlequin re-enter the single-title business? was written and submitted by user Aaden Z. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

About the U.S. Department of Labor

About the U.S. Department of Labor The United States Department of Labor is a cabinet-level department in the executive branch of the U.S. federal government headed by the U.S. Secretary of Labor as appointed by the President of the United States with the consent of the U.S. Senate. The Department of Labor is responsible for workplace safety and health, wage and hour standards, racial diversity, unemployment insurance benefits, re-employment services, and maintenance of key labor-related economic statistics. As a regulatory department, the Department of Labor has the power to create federal regulations deemed necessary to implement and enforce labor-related laws and policies enacted by Congress. Department of Labor Fast Facts The United States Department of Labor is a cabinet-level, regulatory department in the executive branch of the U.S. federal government. The Department of Labor is headed by the U.S. Secretary of Labor as appointed by the President of the United States with the approval of the Senate.The Department of Labor is primarily responsible for the implementation and enforcement of laws and regulations relating to workplace safety and health, wage and hour standards, racial diversity, unemployment benefits, and re-employment services. The purpose of the Department of Labor is to foster, promote, and develop the welfare of the wage earners of the United States, to improve their working conditions, and to advance their opportunities for profitable employment. In carrying out this mission, the Department administers a variety of federal labor laws guaranteeing workers rights to safe and healthful working conditions, a minimum hourly wage and overtime pay, freedom from employment discrimination, unemployment insurance, and workers compensation. The Department also protects workers pension rights; provides for job training programs; helps workers find jobs; works to strengthen free collective bargaining; and keeps track of changes in employment, prices, and other national economic measurements. As the Department seeks to assist all Americans who need and want to work, special efforts are made to meet the unique job market problems of older workers, youths, minority group members, women, the handicapped, and other groups. In July 2013, then Secretary of Labor Tom Perez summarized the purpose of the Department of Labor in stating, â€Å"Boiled down to its essence, the Department of Labor is the department of opportunity.† Brief History of the Department of Labor First established by Congress as the Bureau of Labor under the Department of the Interior in 1884, the Department of Labor became an independent agency in 1888. In 1903, it was reassigned as a bureau of the newly-created cabinet-level Department of Commerce and Labor. Finally, in 1913, President William Howard Taft signed a law establishing the Department of Labor and the Department of Commerce as separate cabinet-level agencies as they remain today. On March 5, 1913, President Woodrow Wilson appointed William B. Wilson as the first Secretary of Labor. In October 1919, the International Labour Organization chose Secretary Wilson to chair its first meeting, even though the United States had not yet become a member nation. On March 4, 1933, President Franklin Roosevelt appointed Frances Perkins to be Secretary of Labor. As the first female cabinet member, Perkins served for 12 years, becoming the longest-serving Secretary of Labor. Following the civil rights movement of the 1960s, the Department of Labor made the government’s first concerted effort to promote racial diversity in the hiring practices of labor unions. In 1969, Secretary of Labor George P. Shultz imposed the Philadelphia Plan requiring Pennsylvania construction unions, which had previously refused to accept black members, to admit a certain number of blacks by an enforced deadline. The move marked the first imposition of racial quotas by the U.S. federal government.

What is the role and importance of Friar Lawrence which lead to the tragedy of Romeo and Juliet Essay Example

What is the role and importance of Friar Lawrence which lead to the tragedy of Romeo and Juliet Essay Example What is the role and importance of Friar Lawrence which lead to the tragedy of Romeo and Juliet Essay What is the role and importance of Friar Lawrence which lead to the tragedy of Romeo and Juliet Essay Romeo and Juliet are emblems of true love that have been used over the years as icons for other lovers who found themselves torn in half like them, many of whom faced a similar ill-fated end. The ingredients of a tragedy are all sewn into this play, which is unusual for Shakespeare as most of his work in the early years was comedies and historical plays. The heroes in this story portray excess courage, arrogance and ambition.They took life changing decisions despite their tender age. The affects of the play on the audience is cleansing as they feel pity and terror. In my opinion the reason for the lovers downfall lies outside the actions of any characters and ultimately in the workings of fate which is referred to several times throughout the play. Romeo and Juliet is considered a tragedy by many as it fits in with the requirements set out by Aristotle. Shakespeare used a variet of sources for this drama. The story of Romeo and Julliet is taken from the poem a Tragical history of Ro meus and Juliet.We are going to study at first hand the role played by Friar Lawrence which contributed to the lovers death. We will begin by looking at what his ideal role in the communtiy would have been. We will also look at his character, and the motives behind the actions he took. However before we analyse the Friar we must study the social backround of the play.Italy at that time was regarded as a passionate and wealthy place; hence an ideal setting for this tragedy. Love is as you would expect the plays central and most significant theme. Shakespeare helps to depict love in many different forms; it is aggressive, euphoric, intense, and without doubt overcomes all other ethics and morals. Shakespeare uses religion to illustrate the lovers passion, This holy shrine. whereas at other times love is described as a sort of magic: Alike bewitched by the charm of looks. Juliet perhaps most perfectly describes her love for Romeo by refusing to describe it: I cannot sum up sum of half my wealth. Love, in other words resists any single metaphor as it is too powerful to be contained with words. Their love and infatuation with each other caused the young lovers to challenge their family name, Deny thy father and refuse thy name, and Juliet asks, Or if thou wilt not, be but sworn my love, and Ill no longer be a Capulet.The social institutions at that time regarded marriage as way of gaining status and economic stability. Early on Shakespeare introduced a society that prefigures capitalism, one that is heavily influenced by material exchange. The people of Verona relied on pride, honour and money, even when the item in question was love. When speaking of marriage the Capulets use language full of economic expressions. Capulets instructions to Paris are that; Inherit at my house. Hear all, all see, and like her most whose merit most shall be; which one more view, of many, mine being one. Lady Capulet also refers to the relationship between Paris and her daughter as a n egotiation when she explains to Juliet how she may, By having him she would be making herself no less.This economically driven society alienated spiritual concerns leading to a gloomy peace prevailing. Love in that era was a commodity such as goods and services. Parents fully expected to make money on their trade.Honour was also a central issue for the people of Verona, a person would have to side with their family even if they were in the wrong or face being seen as a traitor. Romeo and Juliet went against their family honour by marrying an enemy. But the social emphasis placed on masculine honour was so profound that Romeo could not merely ignore the dispute just because he loves Juliet. It dictated his irrational behaviour that took another life and separated the families further. Both were in a constant dilemma between the responsibilities and actions demanded by the social institutions, and those demanded by their private desires. Romeos sense of honour leads him to find the pr iest so he can marry them.In the sixteenth century the priest was seen as a person who was willing to dedicate his whole life to religion, a man of God and a bound between local communities. They played a fundamental role in their communities especially in times of conflict, where their judgement and judicious advice was principal. Laurence is presented as a holy man who was trusted and respected by all the other characters. Capulets comment about the Friar that all our whole city is much bound to him is an ironic acknowledgment as he played an important role in the many disastrous events which followed and abused his trusted role. Thus the Friar is centrally placed with close ties to everyone enabling him to carry out his plans without questioning. His knowledge of Greek mythology and his great understanding of plants show Friar Lawrences high level of education as he speaks of the Greek God Titan.The first speech for the Friar is very important; it is both rhythmic and calm. It en ables the audience to create their first impressions and establishes a standard for the Friar which he tries to maintain, but sadly fails. The regularity of the speech calms someone in to a feeling of acceptance as he is expressing the conventional attitudes of a priest, not his own, and one feels a sense of falseness. Shakespeare uses the Friars language to manipulate the audiences feelings towards him. The words are all used for effect and we question the real wisdom and knowledge of the Friar.Friar Lawrence has a vast knowledge of plants and flowers, and grows a magnificent garden, he is first introduced as an apothecary rather then a Friar, which is the historical name for a medical practitioner who formulates and dispenses medication. He remarks that every plant and herb has its own special properties, and that nothing exists in nature that cannot be put to both good and bad use.Thus, poison is not intrinsically evil but is instead a natural material made lethal by human hands. Here poison symbolizes human societys predisposition to poison good things and make them lethal, In man as well as herbs grace and rude will, just as the futile Capulet-Montague dispute turns Romeo and Juliets love to poison. Ironically the Friars own words and thoughts are depicted over the course of the play as the events unfold. Unlike many of the other tragedies, this play does not have an evil villain, but rather people whose good qualities are turned to poison by the world in which they live in.The Friar chooses to concern himself with the health of the body and mind, so he chooses to use only those herbs which are not harmful he says that naught so vile on the earth doth live, but to the earth some special good doth give. The apothecary on the other hand, does not worry about Romeos spiritual or physical health, and so he chooses to use his herbs for the sale of all substances, including poisons. Shakespeare contrasts the Friars hopefulness with the harsher material world of Verona, placing him and the apothecary on two opposite sides, thus where the Friar fails, the apothecary steps in with a quick remedy. While the Friar has botanical supplies to aid in his medical work, including a basket of willows, baleful weeds, and precious-juiced flowers, the apothecarys shop contains objects only for show or for superficial use. Even attitudes towards the shops are different.Romeo remarks on the apothecarys shop with obvious neglect, as it is full of dusty boxes and very few actual items are set up to try to attract customers. Shakespeares presentation of the Friars cell and garden characterizes a philosopher and healer, and the apothecarys shop an unsuccessful salesman. Thus the audience is forced to compare the two figures and note their remarkable differences. The play uses the priests fading holistic medicine to show how economic materialism has made the apothecary a less charitable medical practitioner. The Friars experience of plants enabled him to carry out his second role as poison commissioner, without him Juliet would not have been able to fake her own death.The Friar is a close friend and advisor to Romeo and has a huge influence on his decisions, this is apparent when Romeo addresses the Friar as father and the Friar addresses Romeo as his son. The Friar makes all the important decisions with regards to Romeo and Juliet, and what ever he advises them they follow to the book. Romeo on numerous occasions seeks help and consolation from the Friar. When Romeo comes to tell Friar Lawrence about his engagement, the Friar offers wise pieces of advice, young mens love lies in their eyes meaning Romeo should love Juliet for who she is and not how she looks.He also tells Romeo that women may fall when there is no strength in men, meaning that if he is not stable and constant Juliet may become inconstant herself, and thinks that Romeo may be blinded by love. this allows the reader to depict and build up an image of a friar who is unders tanding, rational and a man who understands the need of moderation especially in the case of Romeo and Juliet not the stereotyped friars we see now a days in society, his holy understanding of religion also is reinforced when the nurse was astounded by the friars speech and stayed the night to hear good counsel. This portrays to the reader the manner he spoke provided motivating guidance.Children at that time were subservient to the adults in the family; they were raised to respect and obey their parents. The fact that Romeo and Juliet were unable to inform their parents of their love illustrates the huge gap between them and their families. This in fact gives the Friar an extra duty of care, as he becomes solely responsible for their actions as he is there lone confident. In Juliets case the role of the mother is taken over by the wet nurse who Juliet often finds solace with, they are affectionate towards each other, and often the nurse refers to Juliet as lamb and pretty fool. Thu s he plays another important role as confident and adviser to both the young lovers. This also reflects the technique used by Shakespeare by the balancing of the characters.Friar Lawrences attributes seem to have become contaminated as we go through the play and he makes a number of fatal mistakes. Firstly he marries the two lovers without their parents consent, and on Romeos return from killing Tybalt, the Friar encourages Romeo to stand strong and to consummate the marriage Ascend her chamber, hence and comfort her, knowing full well that the differences between the two families are now irreconcilable. Many critics may have seen this event as a chance for the Friar to re-think his next steps and annul their marriage.Other flaws in the Friars character became apparent as his involvement in the schemes of Romeo and Juliet increased; and he began to warp cunning and calculating plans out of his head, such as the fanatical potion plan. Some readers may think that the Friar felt to bla me and wanted to try and rectify matters, and do the right thing since his reputation was paramount to him.His deceptiveness surfaces first surfaces of which was between Juliet and Paris, and the other was when Juliets body was discovered. Being fully aware of the truth the Friar had the impertinence to use religion she is advanced above the clouds, as high as heaven itself and laid guilt on the family you love your child so ill and the heavens do lower upon you for some ill to calm and control the situation and to continue on with his plan. The Friar also remains very composed throughout this scene which reinforces his superiority and confidence among the community.Building up the wild potion plan in his head, the Friar must have felt hesitant, apprehensive, and very worried. This is evident as he thinks the plan is as desperate an execution, as the one they were trying to prevent, and ironically Juliet would need to copst with death himself to scape from it. The Friar should have listened to his own wise words before giving the potion to Juliet. He should not have played the role of God. As a man of God should he not have subdued to the will of God and not tried to take fate into his own hands? People of God usually made logical thoroughly thought out decisions, this Friar is very distant from these expectations and many may have labelled him as being too politically ambitious and a fate meddler. The Friar himself acknowledges the power of God at the end of the play, A greater power than we can contradict hath thwarted our intents, so what possessed him to take such actions?Another deplorable aspect of the Friars behaviour is his response when he finds Juliet in the tomb, instead of remaining with her and preventing her death; he flees at the sound of people coming. This shows his fear of accepting responsibility and his selfishness. This use of nature for unnatural purposes is also ironic as he ultimately, acts distinctly human by fleeing the tomb and aban doning Juliet.In addition to this on numerous occasions the Friar seems to be aware that this marriage would only lead to chaos and catastrophe. When addressing Romeo about his previous love (Rosaline), he states that both women where not the right lovers for Romeo Not in a grave, To lay one in, another out it have, suggesting that his second choice of lover is just as bad as the first. Also when marrying Romeo and Juliet he asks smile the heavens in order that sorrow chide us not. This feeling of uneasiness is further reinforced when claiming that violent delights have violent ends using an extreme metaphor to describe Romeos passion like fire and powder hence a very explosive obsession.Many would argue that if the Friar had such a bad feeling about the whole thing, why he did he go ahead with it? Perhaps the Lawrence felt an internal conflict within him the conflict of self against self.- He knew in his mind that it was wrong to help Romeo and Juliet run away with her lover, who happened to be a murderer too. But he felt himself reach out to them, he had known them seen they were children and knew they were in a desperate situation. But the problem was that the only way to solve everything was to take a wrong path that everyone opposed to.The Friar does have some positive aspects to his personality. His initial decision to marry the lovers is well-meaning as he believes it may turn the hatred between the families to pure love he agrees to marry Romeo and Juliet in the hope that their marriage will heal the rift between the Montagues and the Capulets. However he was naive in his assessment of the feud and hadnt reflected fully on the implications of Romeo and Juliets clandestine marriage.Some might argue that the Friar married them hastily because he wanted to direct their relationship towards a positive end, and prevent them having pre-marital sex. Marriage is sacred to the church and once Romeo and Juliet were married and their marriage was consummated, it became part of the Friars duty to protect this marriage; in addition it would be sinful for Juliet to re-marry whilst still being married to Romeo. In a society filled with materialism the Friar may be seen as a humble servant to divine love. At the end of the play Friar Laurence owns up and accepts the death sentence because of his role in the deaths of Romeo and Juliet. Of course he wasnt to know that the marriage would have had such a tragic ending.However, he feels guilty and is prepared to pay for his error by being executed and says to the Prince: If aught in this miscarried by my fault, let my old life be sacrificed. Lawrence always believes that good can come out of all situations, and even after calamity has claimed two lives it had succeeded in bringing the families together. The Friar is a very important character to the play he acts as a catalyst and speeds up the events of the play in many ways. He comes in later in the play showing that in a sense Shakespeare saved th e best character till the end. The Friar is involved in most of the many events, such as the wedding and potion plan. He is obviously a crucial character in the play, and without him we dont know what steps the lovers would have taken.Shakespeare also decides to introduce the friar in the heart of the play as he is the last character being introduced to the audiences this would in a way agree to the saying that the best is saved till last Not only is he introduced last but is placed right in the core of the community where he has the trust of the families of Verona and at the same time he is supposed to fulfil help for people in need. The friar had the whole world at his finger tips he couldve done anything he wanted, and this fact leaves the reader left with a predicament in what will happen. The friar builds up and creates the dramatic irony used throughout the play to grip the readers and keep them in suspense, wandering when and if the truth will ever surface.There are plenty of examples; such as when Juliet takes the potion and everyone thinks shes dead, another is when the lovers marry in secret. This manipulation of words add to the emotions and depth of feeling in this play. The Friar is the only person who is capbale of making any decisions in the play as he is one of the few people who knows exactly whats going on. He knows Juliet isnt really dead when she takes the potion, and everyone else thinks she is, also he is the only one who knows the lovers are married. These factors all reflect his importance in the development in the play without him there would be no drama there wouldnt be the excitement and the tradagy without him the marriage couldnt of taken place, the friar being placed as the central figure in a play a couple of centurys ago may seem unusual at the time friars at that time played a spiritual role in their communities.It is very unusual for Shakespeare to have chosen the Friar to play such an essential role in a romantic play. Using a Friar to play such a damning role may have surfaced Shakespeares anti Catholic sentiments. The Friar is a sympathetic Catholic, a characterization that seemed to oppose the Latin humanists comic treatment of corrupt friars in the fifteenth century. Thus there is a gap between the Friars behaviour and the audiences expectation of his behaviour. This argument is most definitely valid because of the staunch Protestantism enforced during Elizabeths reign. So the audiences would be able to conceive the stereotyped friar and say that it was typical of Catholics at the time.The whole play is concentrated into only a few days which make it more dramatic and influential. There is a sense of inevitability -we sense that there will be no way out for Romeo and Juliet.- You have characers such as the nurse who provide considarable amusement she is talketive, scatterbrained, compassionate and funloving, this character along with a few of Romeos friends is added to give the play a touch of comed y and a glimmer of hope.Time is of essence in this play as Romeo is turned down by Rosaline, and at the same time Paris asks for Juliets hand; both of which occur in the morning. Romeo and Juliet die by night fall suggesting that their short life was complete, as the sun goes down.It was very common in the Elizabethan era to write plays in poetry form. Shakespeare is not tied down by one form of poetry, and throughout the play he employs a variety of linguistic geniuses which make his work stand out against the norm. Some of his poetry does rhyme, and this is done to make things sound more important and formal, For never was a story of more woe, Than this of Juliet and her Romeo. Shakespeare plays around with the words to change the pace; by using longer or shorter words depending on how quickly events are moving. Shakespeare uses prose when common characters such as the nurse are talking and also in some comedy parts. The language seems to be overloaded with linguistic tricks; incl uding puns antithesis, pardoxes and oxymorons. This may have been done to express the eternal love that Romeo and Juliet held for one another.Shakespeare prepares the reader for the inevitable death of Romeo and Juliet, as their deaths always feel very close. Juliet is linked to death many times throughout the play grave is like to be my wedding bed, there are also the same hints that Romeo is also going to die as Juliet sees him so low, as one dead in the bottom of a tomb. Romeo and Juliet are troubled throughout with thoughts of suicide, and a readiness to experience it, a lot of these thoughts are expressed in front of Friar Lawrence where Romeo asks for a poison or sharp-ground knife and threatens to kill himself after hearing he had been banished from Verona.The Friar calms him down and suggests an alternative solution to Romeo who was on the brink of suicide. Juliet also threatens to commit suicide if the Friars wisdom doesnt help and no resolution wise is found, all these pre ssures may have lead the Friar to make hasty decisions. Finally, each imagines that the other looks dead Methinks I see thee . . . as one dead in the bottom of a tomb, this theme continues until its predestined conclusion: the double suicide. Some may think that without the Friars quick responses both lovers would have committed suicide a lot earlier on.Impulsiveness is another key flaw that contributed to the early death of Romeo and Juliet. Impulsiveness in their sense of honour, impulsiveness in their sense of love, and in their sense of romanticism led Romeo and Juliet to their premature death. These virtues, that seek to safeguard life in the highest form, devastate the lovers because they take them to excessive levels. The Friar views this impulsiveness as dangerous and advised them to love moderately saying that even honey is loathsome in his own deliciousness. The Friar is conscious of Romeos hastiness when he questions him on how quickly he had abandoned Rosaline and fallen in love with Juliet, so he reminds Romeo of the suddenness of his decisions Hath washed thy sallow cheeks for Rosaline!In the introduction the chorus states to the audience that Romeo and Juliet were star-crossed, that is to say that fate controls them, it was said if two peoples stars were crossed they would never be together which is ironically what happened. Right from the start the audience know however hard they struggle these lovers will never achieve contentment. The characters too are aware of this predicament, as Romeo and Juliet constantly feel bad omens. At the start of the play when Romeo is making his way to the ball he has a bad feeling, he fears that Some consequence, yet hanging in the stars may lead to his death. When Romeo believes that Juliet is dead, he cries out, Then I defy you, stars, completing the idea that the love between Romeo and Juliet is in opposition to the decrees of destiny. The advice of the Friar when he hears of their love is very cynical These violent delights have violent ends. Subsequently many critics think that the Friar merely acted as a catalyst to speed up this separation and was not the direct cause. He was merely an instrument instructed by the stars to carry out this role and he did this to perfection. Had it not been for the Friar the instruments of fate would have chosen another means to keep them apart.Religion similarly demanded priorities that Romeo and Juliet could not abide by because of the intensity of their love. Though in most situations the lovers uphold the traditions of Christianity (they wait to marry before consummating their love), their love is so potent that they begin to think of each other in blasphemous terms. For example, Juliet calls Romeo The God of my idolatry, elevating Romeo to level of God .The Friar starts to sense their uncontrolled passion for each other when he says that he will not leave them alone Till holy church incorporate two in one, this could be another trigger that cause d the Friar to hasten and agree to the marriage. Juliet should have obeyed her father unquestioningly when informed about her wedding to Paris, but she does not because she is already married. These were big sins especially in a catholic country, so the reader is left in a dilemma.Romeo and Juliet were hopeful that their families would be united by their love. They thought that their love was so incredible it would overcome all boundaries, which is what makes this play such a memorable one. This play is out of the ordinary because many themes are incorporated into it, love, comedy, society at war and tragedy. If they hadnt treated love as the be-all and end-all they wouldnt have died. However other people believe that Romeo and Juliet were so in love they had to die, it was written in the stars and it was fate that bought them together but also kept them apart.Their tragic ending is a direct consequence of the other main theme in the play: a society at war with itself that makes the ir love at once so tragic and so beautiful. It is love against the odds. Love is used as a central theme in all four of Shakespeares tradgies Romeo and Juliet ,Troilus and Cressida Othello and Anthony and Cleopatra in a way these plays describe love in four different phases from the strong passion of the youngest lovers to the final search for love by Anthony and Cleopatra lovers who are again torn between two different worlds.

Gun Control and Laws Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 1

Gun Control and Laws - Research Paper Example As the discussion outlines the rate of firearm homicide in the US is twenty times greater than that of other high income countries. The extremely high rates of firearm homicide are contributed by the high gun accessibility and ownership prevalence (a gun in every two homes) counteracted by much less restraining gun laws. As a result, firearm crime in the US is much fatal than other identical income level countries. For the US economy, the high prevalence of gun ownership is a cause of enormous economic costs since injuries and death arising from firearms result to medical expenses and expenditure from lost productivity. In the United States, gun control is a controversy that is debated on arguments about whether guns formulate the safety of citizens or not, while gun control is equated to restricting gun ownership. As of the United States federal laws, only certain categories of people are prohibited from possessing firearms as stated in the Gun Control Act. However, 24 states allow persons 18 years and over to purchase a gun from any store by just filling out the required paperwork. However this minimum age restriction has elevated the risk of victimization or perpetration given that grave aggressive crimes are at peak intensity throughout adolescence and in early 20s. Among others, those prohibited from owning firearms include felons; persons involuntarily committed to a mental institution; illegal aliens; persons obsessed or illegitimately using illicit substances; persons with limiting orders for matrimonial violence; and fugitive. Nevertheless, the United States Bill of Rights outlines the rig ht of people to keep and bear arms and is supported by the American constitution.

Methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Methods - Essay Example This implores into the reader’s imagination. For example, she characterizes the puffins with phrases such as â€Å"clownish faces†, â€Å"waddling walk†, â€Å"chubby-dumpling bodies†, and â€Å"fluffy chicks†. This, she describes using a sense of humor to draw the reader (Nijhuis 1). The writer also uses definition in her essay, though not much of it. At the same time, the definition method used is emotional. For example, the statements â€Å"puffins are adorable† and â€Å"seabirds are social creatures† try to spark some emotion in the reader. Therefore, the element of definition plays a significant role in drawing the readers (Nijhuis 2). Also, the writer uses the element of classification in her essay when she talks about some types of birds. For instance, she uses the phrases â€Å"predatory gulls† and â€Å"terns†. By explaining the relationship between the various aspects and the puffins, the writer ensures that th e essay covers everything and that the reader does not get

What Does Conflict Mean Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

What Does Conflict Mean - Research Paper Example The case is based on the department of Mass Communication in Southern Illinois University Edwardsville. Management (which is the departmental head) should be wary of conflict and try to avoid them or resolve them as early and quickly as possible as their dire consequences are something that may cause not only physical damages but emotional ones and above all financial damages to the department crippling it. One of the most common causes of conflict is poor communication. This is especially so between the management and the employees or students. If the important departmental information is wrongly passed around or misinterpreted, then tensions are bound to rise within the department which if not quelled down quickly escalate into full-blown conflict. Poor communication caused by grapevine channels is usually misquoted or embellished with wrong details and is bound to cause unnecessary and avoidable conflict and hence are quick to correct and resolve. The other cause is competition ov er resources within the department. This is especially the case if the organization is organized into groups and they have to share the resources. The resources, in this case, may include departmental assets such as cars, students’ accounts or even financial grants. Competition may also be over the monetary resources especially salaries and benefits. This type of conflict leads to enormity, destruction of property and may even cause parties to leave the department and seek more peaceful service elsewhere. Lack of following the norms set in place by a team or management is also another cause of conflict within the department. Each team has its own established norm such as time management and allocation of duties within the team members. If any member goes against these norms, it is bound to cause conflict.

Strengths One of the Largest Players in Hypermarket Retail Industry

Strengths One of the Largest Players in Hypermarket Retail Industry According to some estimates which published in The Star Online (2010), Tesco enjoys a 30% market share of the Malaysian hypermarket industry by sales, followed by Giant (24%) and Jusco (22%). Giant grew substantially in markets mainly through the continued expansion of its hypermarket branches around Malaysia. As stated in Giants Official website (www.giant.com.my.), Giant was awarded the Top Retailer in Malaysia and Best of the Best in Asia Pacific Retailers Award for 2 consecutive years in 2007 and 2008. Giant has built a very strong retail brand, with a reputation of good value for consumers money and convenience because of a wide range of different products and services in one store. Diagram X: Market share of hypermarkets in Malaysia Sources from http://biz.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2010/9/3/business/6973298sec=business Low Price Leader Pricing a product or service properly can mean the difference between success and failure for a company especially in these challenging economic times.  In Malaysia, Giant is synonymous with its powerful slogan which says Everyday Low Prices, Big Variety and Great Value. There is no doubt that the slogan successfully publicizes the companys mission to the public where it offers a wide variety of products at the lowest possible price (Giant, 2010). The price comparison between Giant and its competitors is frequently advertised in the newspaper for public references (refer Appendix X). It is clear that products that sold in Giant are cheaper compared to other stores. This has also resulted that Giant is still the low price leader in Malaysia. High Brand Value of House Brand Products Bernard Chia, Merchandise Director for Fresh Grocery at Giant Hypermarket Singapore, says: Consumers have started to be more receptive of house brands as retailers are continuously educating them on the good quality and lower prices of their house brands. Consumers are seeing greater value in house brands. And with the economic downturn, many are turning to house brands for instant savings. (Source: Nicole Liang, 2009, from Food Export International) Fulfilling customer needs and wants to gain customers satisfaction are vital to companys existence. Giant has been offering its house brand range since the beginning when its first store opened in June 2000 (Nicole Liang, 2009). The Giant brand comes with unique yellow and green packaging that is instantly recognizable and differentiates with other brands. Every product is backed by a quality guarantee and is always priced competitively in the category (Giant, 2010). Examples: The Giant brand products packaging Sources from http://www.giant.com.my/ourbrand/brand/2 With the intention of keeping its high brand value in the market, Giant goes as far as to introduce the Satisfaction Guaranteed or Your Money Back scheme, to further emphasize its safe food quality (Nicole Liang, 2009). Customers are welcome to return and get a refund for the purchased products if they have found any Giant brand product not up to their expectations. Great nationwide growth Giant always understands the market taste and responsive to customer needs where having over 85 branches spread throughout all the states in Malaysia. Additionally, most of the branches are strategically and conveniently located in residential areas, regardless of new or old areas. Through its nationwide expansion, Giant managed to capture more market share compared to its competitor like Jusco which mostly focus on suburban residential areas and tapping the middle to high income group consumers (Jusco, 2009, pg15). Picture X: Giant Stores Location Sources from http://www.giant.com.my/location The Star Online, 2010, Sale of Carrefour may interest Competition Commission, Retrieved 15 September 2010, from http://biz.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2010/9/3/business/6973298sec=business Nicole Liang, 2009, Supermarket chains: House brands are here to stay, Retrieved 15 September 2010, from http://www.foodexportonline.com/html/oct09/privatelabels_supermarket-chains.html Jusco, 2009, pg15, Annual Report, Retrieved 15 September 2010, from http://www.jusco.com.my/juscohome/html/aeon_v2/oa/bursa/AEON_AnnualReport2009.pdf?PHPSESSID=l24l6cspr34mn9j0003bggme04 C:UsersLydiaDesktop20090524-2giant-vs-tesco2.jpg Weaknesses High Marketing Cost One of the Giants weaknesses is their relatively high marketing cost. Giant spends quite a lot of money for marketing purposes. To let more people to know more about the on-going promotions in Giant, Giant places their advertisements on local newspaper such as The Star, The Sun and other news press. Such advertisements are usually published on the weekend newspaper. Placing advertisement on newspaper can be quite costly. Besides, Giant prints out their promotion catalogue. Printing out the catalogue can be quite costly. Giant has different promotion catalogues for different places. For example, promotion catalogue for Sarawak Special, Malacca Special or even Putra Heights Special. This promotion catalogue is often distributed from house to house. This requires distribution fees as manpower is needed to distribute the catalogue. Recently, Giant Hypermarket also puts on advertisement on television. All these contribute to the high marketing cost. No loyalty and membership program Giant has no loyalty and membership program. Loyalty and membership is very important in order to create customer loyalty. This can be parts of their customer retention plan. It is said that retaining customers is much easier than getting a new one (Marzahn, 1996). By offering rewards to customers, they will most likely to make repurchasing from them. Compared to other hypermarket that has their own loyalty and membership program, customers are usually more attracted to them. While the economy is still recovering from the previous global recession, customers are stricter in budgeting and they are always attracted to rewards and privileges. They will want to get something in return from their purchasing. The ability to gain some rewards such as discount, cash voucher and cash rebate makes their purchase much more worthwhile. Poor pricing method Giant hypermarket has poor pricing method compared to other hypermarkets. Whenever promotions are conducted, the prices of the products will be different. The price list sometimes is not updated. Whenever the cashier scans the bar code, the price will be different from the displayed price. This sometimes causes customers to pay more than the actual price. This will create dissatisfaction to customers if they find out they have paid extra for the goods. The price list is hand written on a piece of yellow board. This price list is placed together with the products. The price list can be wrongly placed. This causes confusion to the customers. They are not sure the price of the products they wanted to buy. Besides, customers find it difficult to find a price reader to check for the price. The price readers which are wrongly placed makes it hidden from the customers. Figure: Hand written price list at Giant (Giant- About Us, 2010) Lack of Information Technology Utilization Giant website is not fully utilized Giant Hypermarket is still lacking in terms of utilization of information technology. Their own Giant website is not fully utilized. The content of the website is mostly promotions and the contest. The website is only for customers for viewing. To fully utilize the website, they can more features into their website. They can add in the products they sell in Giant and by categorizing them, it will be easier for customers to find the products they want. The website later can be enhanced into an e-commerce site where Giant can sell their products online. Thus, instead of having to go to the physical store, customers will be able to do online shopping. They can add in the wish list and shopping bag for customers in the website. Besides, in the website, there is no e- newsletter which customers can subscribe to. E-newsletter helps Debenhams to keep their existing and potential customers in touch with the latest offering such as promotions in store as well as news and events. This improves the sites traffic as well as building and expanding their customer database. Without this, customers will be sometimes being oblivious on the promotions as well as the happenings in Giant. Therefore, newsletter features should be added into Giants website. Customers can sign up for the newsletter. This consequently further improves Giants relationship with the existing customers. No Electronic Customer Relationship Management (E-CRM) Keeping in touch with customers and understanding what they think about Giant is paramount to achieve Giants goals. Customers feedback is an important component which allows customers to voice out their view or share their shopping experience which doing their shopping at Giant. Customer feedback is vital to Giants continuous improvement. Regardless of compliments or criticisms, customer feedback actually helps Giant to understand their customers need and consequently enhances their services. Giant practices traditional customer relationship management. Whenever Giant customers have any complaint, they have to approach the staff directly. Sometimes, face-to-face talk can lead to misunderstandings. Thus, Giant should utilize their website to provide electronic customer relationship management (E-CRM) for their customers. The website should allow the members to register and through login into Giant website, they are able to give their feedbacks online. Whenever they have any complaints, they can submit their complaints online. Besides, customers should be encouraged to give ratings and write product reviews after their purchases in Giants website. This helps other potential customers to make better purchase decision and this indirectly drives the product sales. Through the E-CRM, Giant will be able to know how the customers really felt towards Giant. Through those opinions, Giant will be able to take the initiatives to improve their services. Threats Competition The threats experienced by Giant are that there is stiff competition within the industry, there are other major supermarket chains, such as Tesco, Carrefour, Jusco, etc. in Malaysia that is competing alongside with Giant in the retail industry. Major example are, If competitors offers new innovative product and services why not Giant do the same thing too which more creative. Competitors might find new ways to enhance sales or production or they have superior access to cheaper raw materials. Giant famously losing market share  [1]  to particularly other well-known brand names like Tesco, Jusco and Carrefour in price competition as customers can find better pricing at other hypermarkets like Carrefour. Political New political issues in the future that might have negative impact on their business, for example, no price hike despite rising import costs, ban on construction, etc. Ban on hypermarket construction Another political issue that had negative impact on Giant business development was the rules implemented back in 2003  [2]  . The new rules banned any further development or expansion of hypermarkets in Klang Valley, including Kuala Lumpur and other states such as Johor and Penang in order to give the business opportunities for small businesses. This new rule was introduced because the three regions previously mentioned were already saturated with hypermarkets. With this rule, Giant could not expand their coverage to these areas. Fortunately, this rule is no longer in place and Giant does have few branches open in those areas. In fact, for example, to date Giant has 8 stores just in Kuala Lumpur itself  [3]  . House brand issues Another threat is that although their customers know their house brand, but it is not their customers preferable brand, their customer still prefers other established brand name products compared to theirs. Also, Giant shows that initially Bruneian cannot accept Giant due to numerous reasons, this can be scary for them because if their customers still cannot accept them for a long-term period, thus less people will shop in their store and sales will decreases. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨ Increase market share Strategies that would be appropriate for Giant would be to continue strategy to open more branches to increase market share and to eliminate competition. Besides, to increase marketing effort to gain customer awareness on their house brand products so that it can be a customer preferable brand in the future. In addition, Giant should add more variety on all the existing product line in their supermarkets, because this way, it will attract more customers as they will enable to buy everything under one roof, therefore make Giant their favorite and preferable shopping place. Lastly, Social or economic issues: changes on demographic trend can have significant impact on consumer spending. Risk of another economic downturn in Malaysia will have negative effects on their sales growth.

Free Essays on All’s Quiet on the Western Front :: All Quiet on the Western Front Essays

All’s Quiet on the Western Front Lewis Milestone’s â€Å"All’s Quiet on the Western Front†, based on Erich Remarque’s novel, is an incredibly disturbing and effective anti-war film. The grainy black and white film is still not outdated and carries a breathtaking initial impact. The prologue that introduces the film gives its anti-war intentions immediately and beautifully. â€Å"This story is neither an accusation nor a confession, and least of all an adventure, for death is not an adventure to those who stand face to face with it. It will try simply to tell of a generation of men who, even though they may have escaped its shells, were destroyed by the war...† â€Å"All’s Quiet on the Western Front† includes a series of vignettes and scenes that portray the senselessness and futility of war from the point of view of young German soldiers in the trenches in the Great War who found no glory on the battlefield, meeting only death and disillusionment. The film brilliantly portrays the war with no enemy’s, just people and relationships. It is the story of friends, Paul Baumer (Lew Ayres) and his friends joining the war through propaganda, and leaving through death. The most unforgettable scene is the final moments of the film, just before the "all quiet on the western front" armistice and with all of his comrades gone, soldiers are bailing water out of a dilapidated trench. The faint sound of a harmonica can be heard. Paul is sitting alone, daydreaming inside the trench on a seemingly peaceful, bright day. He is exhausted by terror and boredom. Through the gunhole of his trench, he sees a beautiful lone butterfly that has landed just beyond his reach next to a discarded tin can outside the parapet. He begins to carefully reach out over the protection of his bunker with his hand to grasp it, momentarily forgetting the danger that is ever-present. As he stretches his hand out yearning for its beauty, a distant French sniper prepares to take careful aim through a scope on a rifle. As he leans out closer to the butterfly and extends his hand, suddenly the sharp whining sound of a shot is heard.

Imperialism and Manhood Essay

Study question 1. 2. 3. To Roosevelt, the idea of race suicide was closely interlinked to manhood. Not only would the American men face competition from immigrant workers and be unable to provide for more children: thus leading to an excess of inferior immigrants but the American man would also be related to the impotent American man, unable to create more children. This would lead to the race’s elimination Race and Immigration 1. It allowed individuals to distinguish and separate themselves from immigrants thus creating a barrier that showed them as undesirable. 2. Certain policies and laws were created to separate the Chinese from other groups: Chinese Exclusion Act. 3. This act set a precedent on the treatment of other foreigners that would enter America. Urban Politics and Culture 1. It is preferable to have a community that has a degree of refinement than to live in one that is full of poverty. 2. The wealth should be divided amongst the immediate family to a degree that does not surpass them into leading unfulfilling and lazy lives. The rest should be distributed for the benefit of society. 1. Having undergone poverty himself, Riles shows stereotypes but presents them in an entertaining way to the audience. Also he mentions the roles these different cultures play in merging with the American way of life. 2. Riis and Carnegie are similar in their opinion that the poor exist and cannot be ignored but it is only the rich who can provide them with relief. Cultural Encounters in the Far West 1. The Bison went into extinction because of the cold and droughts bought in by the changing environment and human influence which resulted in colonial expansion that bought in new diseases and animals. 2. It was not the nomads alone who hunted the bison. They sold the animals to the Euro-American invaders. 1. Blacks could not vote unless their grandfathers had not been voters before the Civil War, literacy tests had to be passed, fees was charged for voting and democrats (always white individuals) were the only ones allowed to vote. 2. The South contained individuals who had the deepest hatred for the blacks which led the lynching in this area to be the worst. 3. Separate schools, hospitals, accommodations and even entrances were given to the two groups. Often enough the blacks were provided no facilities by certain states. 4. They decided to test out the marginzalation itself by acts like the one committed by Homer A Plessy Jim Crow Museum of Racist Memorabilia Website 1. Minstrels would perform music with black faced performers in the quest to ridicule black people. Also caricatures were made which were printed in novels and plays. 2. Churches taught that blacks were inferior. Politicians gave speeches supporting segregation and writers also wrote against the black man.

Deming Essays - Quality, Management, Process Management, Free Essays

Deming Essays - Quality, Management, Process Management, Free Essays Deming Deming believed that quality must be the foundation of everything that businesses do. A consistent theme in Demings work has been the reluctance of managers to accept that theirs is the key role in changing process and driving the improvement in quality. Deming believed that organizations should be more responsive, more democratic and less wasteful. Demings ideas challenged past beliefs and legacies and started a revolution in a new wave of management. A principle of Deming Management is quality. He believes that everyone benefits from improved quality. His logic works like this: first, have better quality goods and services. If you have better goods then you will have lower costs due to less waste and scrap and this results in an efficient use of

DBQ US History essays

DBQ US History essays The British Colonies began to develop a great sense of identity by mid-1700. It was mainly due to new duties enforced by the British Parliament; British colonies, however, opposed them. British colonies found out that reconciliation was not possible. There was not any other way but independence. Independence would have never been achieved without a vital unity and a great sense of identity. Although British colonies thought that they were individual colonies and tried to separate themselves from each other, they were judged same and attacked same in time of battle. Somewhat ironically, this achievement of unity was started by the British. At the sign of potential war against France and the native Americans, the British government summoned an intercolonial congress to Albany in 1754. Benjamin Franklin addressed his concerns about colonial unity in an artistic way. In Document A, the snake is split into individual pieces and are thus powerless. The colonies could only survive war if they were to Join and unite as one; If they failed to do that, they would eventually Die. Colonies were very dependent on the Britain while going through the French and Indian war. Because of that, Britain decided to leave her army in America for defence, and tax colonies for that. Colonies did not like that, because they thought they do not need British army because enemies were gone. They became even furious when the British parliament imposed more taxes and more new duties on them: the Suger act, the Quartering Act, Stamp Act, and Townshend Acts. Colonists shouted of no taxation without representation. Some colonists even promoted street violence and open confrontations with the British Army. Colonies were also united to enforce the Nonimportation Act, which prohibited importation from Britain. In 1774, the First Continental Congress was assembled to nullify all the acts enforced by British. They were determined...

The Global Business Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Global Business Environment - Essay Example The environment in which Toyota operates is becoming extremely tough every day. All businesses are facing problems today due to increasing costs, cultural diversity, globalization and decrease in global demand. The world has seen a great financial crisis in recent years and economies are still to recover from it fully. In such environment companies are finding it hard to produce and sell its product to customers. The external environment is also affecting organizations in new ways because media and communication technology has developed so much and any ethical issue can seriously hurt the reputation of the company. Competition is also increasing in business environment as companies are trying to innovate and market their products in better ways. In this report we will conduct an external environmental analysis for Toyota. We will talk about markets, competition and regulations that can have an impact on the company. The ethical issues, corporate social responsibility and environmenta l policy and its affect on Toyota will also be discussed. This paper will deal with the external environment and not with the strategy of Toyota. Markets, Competition and Regulation Markets are evolving at a great pace in today’s fast moving world and it is important to keep in mind the changing demand of target market. Competition is also increasing as companies are trying to increase efficiency by decreasing costs and improving quality of their products. Regulations are also getting stern everyday and automobile companies have to keep in mind the safety standards set by the companies. This means increase in testing of cars which will lead to greater costs. In this section the impact of markets, competition and regulation on Toyota will be discussed. Markets and its Impact of Toyota The main target market of Toyota is the middle class income group of the world. These are the people who cannot afford luxurious cars but want vehicles that are cheap but durable vehicles. Toyota provides cars to middle income people of the world and prices are also lower in comparison to BMW and Mercedes. Over the years this target market has been consisted as they cannot switch to expensive cars and they also don’t switch to cheaper manufacturers. This is why this market of Toyota was considered relative safe and loyal to Toyota. But this is changing because now the target market of Toyota is also evolving. The target market is demanding innovation in designs and specifications. The medium income group target market has become more aware of the different brands in the market. They have also become more design oriented and are demanding newer and better designs. Car movies and games have informed the market about fast cars and sleek designs therefore they want these things in their cars. This problem is staring Toyota in the face because design was never a strong point of the company and its focus was on durability and prices. Evolving markets are in this way impact ing the business strategy of Toyota. The main strategy of Toyota is that of reducing service costs by giving customers quality and durability (Harrup & Janssens, 2008). This is causing problems because the markets of Toyota are evolving and they are demanding better designs from the company. The external environment is therefore impacting the strategy of Toyota. The increasing focus on design and specification of the market can decrease the demand of Toyota cars. Customers will look for new car manufacturers

Summarize statistical paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Summarize statistical paper - Essay Example To convert mass into energy one needs to cause mass defect by fission of heavy nuclides like U235 and Pu239; which is done inside a nuclear reactor using nuclear fuel elements. In this process, lot of radioactive waste is generated, which needs to be stored safely for very long periods of time (thousands of years). However, there is no precedence available on safe storage of such materials over such a period of time; therefore, whatever is the existing knowledge level is utilized for this purpose. These radioactive wastes are stored in a sealed metallic canisters and these canisters are then stored in repository considered to be safe. However, the incidents of activity leakage do occur and there are certain causes of the leakage and certain probability associated with the causes of leakage and to the activity leakage itself. It is therefore, relevant to understand probability. There are outcomes of any event; like if a coin is tossed it will end up with either a head or a tail. With each outcome there is an associated probability or a chance. As there are only two possible outcomes of this event and each of the outcomes is equally likely, therefore, the probability of getting either a head or a tail is  ½. Similarly one can extend the outcome and say that for a unbiased dice; chances of getting either of the six numbers is 1/6. These arguments can be extended further to calculate probability of different outcomes associated with an event. Probabilities are very important in modern day life as application of this concept is embedded in almost every sphere of our life. Let us proceed further to discuss somewhat complex situation. Let us take an example in which three plates R, G and B are kept in a box and each of the three plates is having identical sized balls of colors Red, Green and Black respectively. If a person is asked to draw a ball from this box, without looking inside the box, then probability that he draws a ball from either of the plates R,

Poem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

Poem - Essay Example Collins â€Å"Introduction to Poetry,† consist of seven stanzas. Collins opens the first stanza with the line, â€Å"I ask them to take a poem.† This sentence contains three objects: â€Å"I† – the writer or speaker, â€Å"them† – the listeners and â€Å"poem.† The poet urges to â€Å"take† the poem as an object and not just scan or read it. By comparing â€Å"poem† as an object, Collins uses the metaphor as the figurative language. Once â€Å"poem† is considered as an object; then it can be compared to any other objects. That is why one can notice abundant use of metaphor for â€Å"poem† throughout this work. In the second line, the speaker asks, â€Å"and hold it up to the light† instead of asking to read it. However, when this line is coupled with the third line, â€Å"like a color slide† everything becomes apparent. Collins uses figurative language simile - the object â€Å"poem† is a color slide. Of course, projection of a color slide has to be done using light. The poet creates a strong imagery in the first stanza that says one can see all seven colors of the rainbow in the poem if one knows how to hold it to the light and see it. The second stanza consists of one line; Collins electrifies the reader with intrigue, â€Å"or press an ear against its hive.† He uses the metaphor and compares â€Å"poem† to a honey-drippy hive that produces a buzzing sound as well as conveys both danger and anticipation. The third stanza, â€Å"I say drop a mouse into a poem, and watch him probe his way out† compares â€Å"poem† to a â€Å"labyrinth.† The preposition â€Å"into† instead of â€Å"onto† makes the stanza rigid defining â€Å"poem† as a three-dimensional object. Through this metaphor, the poet states that one has to understand the labyrinth of the poem to get out of it. In the fourth stanza, Collins uses double metaphors; compares the â€Å"poem† to a three-dimensional room and content of

GA AEMT Drug Cards Essay Example for Free

GA AEMT Drug Cards Essay ACTION: Reverses Hypoxia, Increases arterial oxygen, Increases hemoglobin saturation, Increases tissue oxygenation Indications: Hypoxia or anticipated hypoxia, or in any medical or trauma patient to improve respiratory efficiency. Contraindications: There are no contraindications to oxygen therapy. Dose: Route: Oral DOSAGE: Adult: 1-6 LPM via NC; 10-15 LPM via NRB; 15 LPM via BVM Pediatric: 1-6 LPM via NC; 10-15 LPM via NRB; 15 LPM via BVM Common side effects: Dry or bloody nose, skin irritation from the nasal cannula or face mask Precautions/major interactions: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and very prolonged administration of high concentrations in the newborn. Drug: Oral Glucose Generic Glutose, Insta-Glucose Class of medication: Monosaccharide Carbohydrate ACTION: After absorption from GI tract, glucose is distributed in the tissues and provides a prompt increase in circulating blood sugar Onset: 10 min Indications: Patients with altered mental status and known history of diabetes mellitus Contraindications: Unconsciousness; known diabetic who has not taken insulin for days; patient who is unable to swallow Dose: Route: Oral DOSAGE/ROUTE:Adult: One tube or packet; repeat based on BGL Pediatric: One tube or packet; repeat based on BGL – minimum age 3 yrs Common side effects: Nausea, may be aspirated by the patient without a gag reflex Precautions/major interactions Assure patient has control of swallowing and airway. Drug: Glucagon Generic: GlucaGen Class of medication: Hormone, antihypoglycemic ACTION: Glucagon is a protein secreted by pancreatic cells that causes a breakdown of stored glycogen into glucose and inhibits the synthesis of glycogen from glucose. Indications: Hypoglycemia without IV access. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to glucagon or protein compounds. Dose: Route: Intramuscular Adult:1-2mg IM, repeat in 15 minutes if BGL

Development of the Artificial Heart :: Medical Science Technology Health Essays

Development of the Artificial Heart Actual belief in the possibility of technology being used to create an artificial heart began in the 1950’s, soon after the successful implementation of a dialysis machine. With the ability to put a man on the moon, there was an general feeling that anything was possible. Thus, in 1964 the United States Government put $581,000 towards the establishment of a research program to develop a total artificial heart (TAH). (Caplan pg.30). The first viable mechanical heart was the Jarvik-7, which could keep animals alive for eight months. (Caplan pg.34). After much persuasion the FDA approved the implantation of the Jarvik-7 into human test subjects suffering from terminal heart disease. The first recipient of the Jarvik-7 was Barney Clark, on December 1, 1982. He survived on the mechanical heart for 112 days. However, during that time he suffered severe medical complications. He underwent three additional surgeries, on several occasions asked that the heart be deactivated, and went into a coma before finally dying. (Caplan pg.35). The second patient, William Schroeder, who received a Jarvik-7 on November 25, 1984, survived for 620 days before dying. He too was plagued by medical complications throughout those 620 days. On the nineteenth day he suffered a stroke and again, on the 94th day. From the 150th day onward he had subacute bacterial endocarditis. He suffered two more strokes, on day 163 and 352. A liver biopsy on the 444th day showed microabscesses. On the 590th day he was given a feeding gastrostomy, and a tracheostomy followed on day 612. Finally he died of respiratory failure, and sepsis. (Fox pg.126). After a few more trial implantations, which all followed same downhill course, the FDA withdrew the permission to implant any more TAH’s. From this point onward the research focused more on devices to assist the heart, rather than replace it. These devices were designed to take some of the stress off of the left ventricle of the heart, and were termed left ventricular assist devices or LVAD’s. The use of LVAD’s became more common throughout the 1990’s as a method of either resting the heart so that it could recuperate and continue on its own or prolonging the heart’s life until a donor heart became available.

Principles of Assessment in Lifelong Learning Essay

1.1 Analyse how types of assessment are used in lifelong learning: â€Å"Assessments should be a regular process; it might not always be formalised, but you should be observing what your students are doing, asking questions and reviewing their progress throughout their time with you†. Gravells A. Page 113. Has the outcome of my teaching been as expected; was there room for improvement? This can be measured through assessment; there are different ways to carry out this out. Initial Assessment It is my responsibility to do this before a lesson or course is delivered. This will help determine how I will plan for the session so it sets and meets expectations for me the teacher and also the students. This will identify any prior knowledge, the stages the students are at and any special or specific requirements that are needed. Types of initial assessments are: * Tutor observations * One-to-one interviews. This will help me learn if the learner is on the right course and what assignments they must do to complete the course. * Competency tests (maths, ICT and literacy). This will help me see if the students are competent in these skills. If there is any weakness I can then pinpoint those to the right people to help with them improve. * Essay writing. This will show me if the student is competent with their literacy skills. There will be a lot of written work throughout the course. Formative Assessment is an on-going process. These will take place during the lesson. This can take the form of * Quizzes and puzzles. With multiple choice answers will help me to see if the students have learned anything from their previous set of lessons. * Verbal question and answers. This will help me see if the students comprehend the topic. * Journals. Also can be used; to help the student record their feelings about the lessons, what went right and what can be improved on. This will enable me to assess whether I am teaching at the correct level or if I need to adjust my plan and methods. * Observations. I can walk around the room and observe the student’s work while taking anecdotal notes. Summative Assessments are carried out at the end of a course to measure how much has been retained and where necessary can be articulated. This is usually through: * End of year formal tests or exams. To see what they have learnt over the year. * Portfolio: This is a collect ion of the students work throughout the course. 1.2 Analyse how assessment methods are used in lifelong learning: * To identify what prior knowledge a student has, I would create a self-assessment questionnaire that requires specific answers, (tick boxes). I would then build this into my session plan. * Diaries or Learning Journals would be used to document on-going learning from each session. Progress can then be measured and any gaps in teaching or learning can be then addressed. * Simulation would be used to see if students are able to understand instructions and how well they are able to reproduce what they have seen or heard, and how they might use them in everyday life. * Assignments would evaluate how well student are able to research particular subjects then put their findings into words. * Discussions or debates are a good vehicle for assessment when other methods may be difficult to manage. * Peer feedback where fellow students give their comments and ask questions for clarity. 1.3 Evaluate strengths of assessments methods to meet individual leaner needs: * Quizzes and puzzles can be used as an informal way to assess if learning is taking place. However if the purpose is to measure individual learning the questions would need to be varied. The most effective way to do this would be to have the assessment computer generated; this is not always possible if the correct software or facility is not available. * Diaries or learning journals, aid to literacy and language skills. The student would also be able to reflect back on what they have learnt; this will also build their confidence to self-assess. In order for this to work, there needs to be clear aims and objectives so the outcome is properly measured. * A portfolio is a formal way to gather evidence that has been produced over a period of time covering all topics taught on a course. This would need to be checked for things such as plagiarism; if the information used was current and properly referenced. * Role play is another assessment method. The students will be given a scenario from their lesson; they will then have the opportunity to act out what they have understood, linking theory to practice. There needs to be clear explanations given as this can be time consuming and not all students may feel comfortable doing role plays. * Examinations can assess what students have retained. By just recalling information they have learnt or by using ‘open book’ method whereby they refer to notes or reference books. The down side of this is that students may have only been taught what is needed to pass the exam and not retain any of the other theories they may need at a later stage. 2.1 Evaluate how to involve learners in the assessment process: As a teacher I will carry out various methods of assessment. To maintain continuous improvement I will involve my students in the process. Giving my students clear guide lines I can get them to do peer to peer assessments, where they will give written or verbal feedback to each other. This will allow more focus on the subject being taught; encourage communication with each other, and where they may discover some common ground. Sometimes comments coming from a peer can be better received than from the teacher. Checking their own work and progress through self-assessment is useful as this gives an opportunity for students to take a step back and reflect on what their objectives and whether they attained them. I will also conduct one to one tutorials, where we can discuss their objectives, progress and development. This will demonstrate positive and individual inclusion. â€Å"Assessment is a term given to checking that learning has occurred. It may happen at any stage during the learner’s progress through their qualification†. Wilson L. (2009). page112. Assessments are also a tool to motivate and boost the confidence of students. 2.2 Analyse the role of peer and self –assessment in the assessment process: Peer assessments are a good means of confirming and sharing ideas. During our micro-teach sessions I was able to describe my observations and justify how I reached that conclusion. My peers would agree or get me to look at what I had expressed in a different way. We would discuss and come to a consensus. We had to think carefully how to put our thoughts down on paper, so they were constructive and encouraging. Looking at the peer assessment on my own performance for the delivery of a micro-teach session. I was pleased with the feedback. It clearly showed what I am confident in; what I need to improve on and what I should consider for future delivery. Their feedback was encouraging and it has confirmed that I have made the correct decision in what I am want to do career-wise. I found putting into practice what I already know with what I have learnt over the past few weeks very useful. There were some challenges I had when creating my own micro-teach session, this is all part of the learning process for me. As the session I delivered came to an end I had already started to do a mental self- assessment. It was useful to be able to put down my own thoughts on paper as they came to me to know what I need to include going forward. 3.1 Explain the need to keep records of assessment learning: Assessments should be documented so there is some form of evidence as to what has been taught, how the learning is evaluated and was any progress made. Records also serve for the purpose of verification, in relation to audits for quality assurance and regulatory bodies, such as Ofsted. The following are some of the following records that may be kept. * Assessment tracking, this can be used to show development and if the students requirements are being met. * Feedback and action records are used to show that a student has had feedback, what the agreed follow up is, and when it is to be carried out. * Learning styles results will aid with inclusiveness when reviewing or creating new session plans. * Appeal records are where a student has submitted in writing their reasons as to why they disagree with a formal decision that has been made. This can be used at a later date as part of that process. * Enrolment forms to confirm the student’s details are correct, point of contact in the case of an emergency; whether they are permitted to study. What the student signed up for, and are they are on correct course. 3.2 Summarise requirements for keeping records in an organisation: As part of my role I am going to make sure I follow the guide lines that are in place for me to keep records for an organisation, as these are regularly audited and reviewed. This will provide an audit trail of my students learning. Confidentiality must be maintained at all times by any organisation holding personal data to stay in line with the regulatory bodies (Data Protection Act). Records that are kept must be accurate, legible and current. There should be specific rules as to when information is considered obsolete. (This is usually about three years). Students have the right to request their records held about them. (Freedom of Information Act) if they are entering into an appeal process. A backup copy of records must be made whether electronically or paper based so if one is lost there is always a duplicate. â€Å"Consistency. You will always ensure that the methods and the timeliness of your assessments are at a level standard, making certain irrespective of how and when your learners are assessed, the outcomes are constant†. Wilson L. page 274. Bibliography Gravells A. (2012) Preparing to Teach in the Lifelong Learning Sector Wilson L. (2009) Practical Teaching A Guide to PTLLS & DTLLS.